General Principles of Microcontrollers

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Chapter 2 General Principles of Microcontrollers

Objectives

Introduce the core components of a microcontroller, without being specific to any particular hardware.
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A simple block diagram of a microcontroller is depicted in Figure 2.0.1. Each of the components in the block diagram will be described in this chapter.

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Block diagram of a microcontroller. The central processing unit contains a program counter, instruction register and decoder, and arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). A data bus can write to the program counter, which can write to program memory, which can write to the instruction register and decoder. Data memory can read/write from the data bus and also read/write from the program counter. General purpose registers can read/write from the data bus and can also write to the arithmetic and logic unit. The arithmetic and logic unit can write to the data bus. I/O can read/write from the data bus. — Figure 2.0.1. A block diagram of a microcontroller consisting of a data bus, program memory, data memory, I/O, and a central processing unit consisting of program counter, instruction register and decoder, and arithmetic and logic unit.
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